Digital Technical Manual

Technical Data Digital Content Index

1. Thermal Principles

• • Principles of Thermodynamics
  • Energy
  • Heat
  • Specific Heat
  • Sensible Heat
  • Latent Heat
  • Total Heat
  • Temperature and its Measurement
  • Second Law of Thermodynamics

2. Heat Transfer

1. • Conduction
   • Convection
   • Radiation
2.  
3. Psychrometrics of Moist Air

• Properties of Moist Air
• Psychrometric Processess
• Psychrometric Data
• Psychrometric Charts
• Gases of the air

4. Comfort Condtions and Indoor Air Quality

• Introduction
• Air Purification Methods
• Human Body Energy Balance
• Role of Clothing
• Prediction of Human Thermal Comfort

5. Air  Filtration

• Air Filtration Standards
• Filter Selection
• Particulate Removal
• Particle Classification
• Data Tables and Figures

6.  Ventilation

• Building Ventilation
• Extract
• Air Curtains
• Air Distribution

7. Design Data

• Design Criteria
• Cooling Load Check Figures
• Outdoor Design Conditions
• Heat Gain from People
• Heat Gain from Internal Sources
• Heat Transfer Characteristics of Building Materials
• Building Element Properties
• Calculation of U-Value
• Surface Resistance
• Air Spaces

8.   Solar Radiation

• Solar Angles
• Shading Devices
• Solar Intensity
• Software Solutions

9. Insulation

• Insulation Handbook

10. Moisture Transfer in Building Structures

• Thermal and Water Vapor Transmission Data
• Vapor Barriers

11. Air-Conditioning Systems

• Single Zone Systems
• Outdoor-Air Control
• Multi-Zone Systems
• Variable Air Volume
• Terminal Reheat
• Dual Duct
• Unitary Systems

12. Duct System

• Duct Design
• Pressure Drops in Straight Ducts
• The Moody Diagram
• Duct System Resistance
• Circular Equivalent of Rectangular Ducts
• Duct Sizing Software
• Fitting Loss Coefficients
• Airflow through a converging nozzle
• Sudden Enlargement
• Fitting Selection by Software
• Duct Sizing Methods
• Equal Friction
• Static Regain
• Velocity Method
• Duct Network Software
• Fan Laws
• Air Distribution in Rooms

13.  Water Pipe Sizing

• Water Flow in pipes
• D’Arcy Weisbach equation
• The Moody Diagram
• Resistance Coefficients of Pipe Fittings and Valves
• Friction Loss in Commercial Steel Pipes
• Friction Loss for Water in Copper Tubes
• Pipe System Design Chart
• Estimated Requirements to Prevent Freezing of Water in Pipes
• Sizing Water Pipe Systems using Software

14. Heat and Cooling Coils

• LMTD Method
• Effectiveness Method
• Step by Step Simulation
• Dealing with condensation
• Reference e-Ntu Method

15. Electrics and Controls

• Basics of Controls
• Electric Formulae
• Electric Motor Ratings
• Wire Size

16. Mechanical Refrigeration

• Mechanical Vapor Compression Cycle
• Saturated Refrigerant Tables
• Refrigerant P-h Diagrams
• Refrigerant Pipe Size
• CO²Refrigeration
• Refrigeration Training Software

17. Mechanical Refrigeration

• Mechanical Vapor Compression Cycle
• Saturated Refrigerant Tables
• Refrigerant P-h Diagrams
• Refrigerant Pipe Size
• CO²Refrigeration
• Refrigeration Training Software

18. Compressors

• Types of compressors
• Reciprocating compressors
• Hermetically sealed compressor
• Semi-Hermetic compressor
• Twin Screw compressors
• Rotary Vane compressors
• Contrifugal compressors
• Identifying Compressor Failures

19. Cold Rooms

• Load Calculations
• Wall heat gain
• Infiltration
• Pulldown load
• Product Freezing
• Product Respiration
• Occupancy Load
• Lightning Load
• Appliance Load
• Common Insulating Materials
• Heat Equivalent of Electric Motors
• Food Processing
  • Unit Operations
  • Food Properties

20. Absorption Refrigeration

• Simple Theoretical Absorption Cycle
• Binary Mixtures
• Lithium Bromide / Water Chiller
• Ammonia Properties

21. Heat Pump Design

• Introduction
• Reverse Cycle
• Refrigerant Properties
• Designing Heat Pumps with Software

22. Direct Contact Cooling Systems

• Cooling Towers
• Calculating the duty of a cooling tower
• Manufacturers Ratings
• Evaporative Coolers
• Cross-Flow Conditions

23. Evaporative Condensers

• System Description
• Selection Guide

24. Noise and Vibration

• Acoustics
• Noise Ratings Curves
• Recommended NC Levels
• Adding Sound Levels
• Typical Sound Power Output
• Attenuation of lined ducting
• Material Absorption Coefficients
• Vibration Isolation
• Anti-Vibration Mountings and Hanger

25. Water Treatment

• Why water is used for cooling
• Evaporative compared to once-through cooling water
• Problems which Arise in Cooling Towers
• Evaporative compared to Dry cooling
• Evaporative Cooling Units
• Simplified Classification of Cooling Towers
• Closed cooling water circuits including Chilled water circuits
• Potential Problems in Closed and Chilled Water Systems

26. Refrigerants

• Introduction
• Notation
• Evaluating Refrigerant Performance
• Alternative Refrigerants
• Retrofitting
• Thermodynamic Properties
• Safe Handling
• Lubricating Oils
• Data Summary

27. Fault Finding

• Trouble Shooting Industrial Refrigeration Equipment
• Trouble Shooting Airconditioning Equipment
• Identifying Compressor Failures

28.  Environmental Protection

• Refrigerant phase out
• Problems with the recovery of refrigerants
• Problems associated with the “new” refrigerants
• Montreal Protocal Handbook

29. Rules of Thumb

• Equations
• Cooling Load Check Figures
• Diffuser Quick Selector
• Electrical wire sizing
• General notes and articles

30. Software Tools

• Moist Air State Calculator
• Air Conditions specification
• Duty Calculator (Psychrometric Process)
• Psychrometric Chart Plotter
• Duct Fittings Viewer
• Refrigerant Mollier Chart
• Wall Builder (U Value Calculator)
• World Locations Database
• World Time Zones
• Text Editor (INI format)